Past participle é um ”nome” que damos a terceira forma dos verbos em inglês. ”Terceira” porque geralmente, temos fromas diferentes para ”presente(v1 – forma 1)”, ”passado(v2-forma 2)” e past partciple(v2 – forma 3).
O Past Partciple de ”see”, é ”seen”.
O past participle de ”get”, é ”got”.
Em listas de verbos você poderá identificar mais facilmente esses verbos na ”terceira coluna”, pois geralmente são organizadas da seguinte forma.
See – saw – Seen (presente[forma base], passado, past participle)
Get – Got – Got
Be – was/were – Been
Drive – drove – Driven
Used – used – used
eat – ate – eaten
take – took – taken
Mas o que significa o ”past participle”? Em geral, temos ideias no que chamamos de (1) voz passiva, como ” Ela foi levada” = ”She was taken”, quando usamos o PP com o verbo ser ou estar em inglês.
Por exemplo:
Isso será feito. – It will be done (1).
Ela foi levada por alienígenas – She was taken by aliens (1).
Isso foi comprado por mim. – It was bought by me (1).
Outros usos importantes para o auxiliar ”have” são: pra dizer ideias que ja aconteceram num passado (2) , e que começaram no passado e seguem até o momento presente (3).
Por exemplo:
I have done the exercises (2) – Eu fiz os exercícios.
I have seen her (2) – Eu a ví.
I have worked here since 2005. (3)- Trabalho aqui desde 2005.
I have been studying English since 2010. (3)- Estudo inglês desde 2010.
Abaixo você tem um pack com verbos super frequentes, de primeira importancia pra memorização e criação de frases usando o ”past participle”.
| ser/estar | be | was, were | been |
| bater | beat | beat | beaten |
| tornar-se | become | became | become |
| começar | begin | began | begun |
| entortar | bend | bent | bent |
| apostar | bet | bet | bet |
| morder | bite | bit | bitten |
| assoprar | blow | blew | blown |
| quebrar | break | broke | broken |
| trazer | bring | brought | brought |
| anunciar | broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| construir | build | built | built |
| queimar | burn | burned or burnt | burned or burnt |
| comprar | buy | bought | bought |
| pegar | catch | caught | caught |
| escolher | choose | chose | chosen |
| vir | come | came | come |
| custar | cost | cost | cost |
| cortar | cut | cut | cut |
| cavar | dig | dug | dug |
| fazer | do | did | done |
| desenhar | draw | drew | drawn |
| sonhar | dream | dreamed or dreamt | dreamed or dreamt |
| dirigir | drive | drove | driven |
| beber | drink | drank | drunk |
| comer | eat | ate | eaten |
| cair | fall | fell | fallen |
| sentir | feel | felt | felt |
| lutar | fight | fought | fought |
| encontrar | find | found | found |
| voar | fly | flew | flown |
| esquecer | forget | forgot | forgotten |
| perdoar | forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| congelar | freeze | froze | frozen |
| conseguir | get | got | got (sometimes gotten) |
| dar | give | gave | given |
| ir | go | went | gone |
| crescer | grow | grew | grown |
| pendurar | hang | hung | hung |
| ter | have | had | had |
| ouvir | hear | heard | heard |
| esconder | hide | hid | hidden |
| bater | hit | hit | hit |
| segurar | hold | held | held |
| machucar | hurt | hurt | hurt |
| guardar | keep | kept | kept |
| saber | know | knew | known |
| deitar | lay | laid | laid |
| liderar | lead | led | led |
| aprender | learn | learned or learnt | learned or learnt |
| deixar | leave | left | left |
| emprestar | lend | lent | lent |
| permitir | let | let | let |
| perder | lose | lost | lost |
| fazer | make | made | made |
| significar | mean | meant | meant |
| encontrar | meet | met | met |
| pagar | pay | paid | paid |
| colocar | put | put | put |
| ler | read | read | read |
| dirigir(motos) | ride | rode | ridden |
| tocar(campainha) | ring | rang | rung |
| subir, crescer | rise | rose | risen |
| correr | run | ran | run |
| dizer | say | said | said |
| ver | see | saw | seen |
| vender | sell | sold | sold |
| enviar | send | sent | sent |
| mostrar | show | showed | showed or shown |
| fechar | shut | shut | shut |
| cantar | sing | sang | sung |
| afundar | sink | sank | sunk |
| sentar | sit | sat | sat |
| dormir | sleep | slept | slept |
| falar | speak | spoke | spoken |
| gastar | spend | spent | spent |
| levantar | stand | stood | stood |
| feder | stink | stank | stunk |
| nadar | swim | swam | swum |
| pegar | take | took | taken |
| ensinar | teach | taught | taught |
| contar | tell | told | told |
| pensar | think | thought | thought |
| jogar(lançar) | throw | threw | thrown |
| entender | understand | understood | understood |
| vestir | wear | wore | worn |
| ganhar | win | won | won |
| escrever | write | wrote | written |
