Past Participle – O que é, e como usar?

Past participle é um ”nome” que damos a terceira forma dos verbos em inglês. ”Terceira” porque geralmente, temos fromas diferentes para ”presente(v1 – forma 1)”, ”passado(v2-forma 2)” e past partciple(v2 – forma 3).

O Past Partciple de ”see”, é ”seen”.

O past participle de ”get”, é ”got”.

Em listas de verbos você poderá identificar mais facilmente esses verbos na ”terceira coluna”, pois geralmente são organizadas da seguinte forma.

See – saw – Seen (presente[forma base], passado, past participle)

Get – Got – Got

Be – was/were – Been

Drive – drove – Driven

Used – used – used

eat – ate – eaten

take – took – taken

Mas o que significa o ”past participle”? Em geral, temos ideias no que chamamos de (1) voz passiva, como ” Ela foi levada” = ”She was taken”, quando usamos o PP com o verbo ser ou estar em inglês.

Por exemplo:

Isso será feito. – It will be done (1).

Ela foi levada por alienígenas – She was taken by aliens (1).

Isso foi comprado por mim. – It was bought by me (1).

Outros usos importantes para o auxiliar ”have” são: pra dizer ideias que ja aconteceram num passado (2) , e que começaram no passado e seguem até o momento presente (3).

Por exemplo:

I have done the exercises (2) – Eu fiz os exercícios.

I have seen her (2) – Eu a ví.

I have worked here since 2005. (3)- Trabalho aqui desde 2005.

I have been studying English since 2010. (3)- Estudo inglês desde 2010.

Abaixo você tem um pack com verbos super frequentes, de primeira importancia pra memorização e criação de frases usando o ”past participle”.

ser/estar	be	was, were	been
bater	beat	beat	beaten
tornar-se	become	became	become
começar	begin	began	begun
entortar	bend	bent	bent
apostar	bet	bet	bet
morder	bite	bit	bitten
assoprar	blow	blew	blown
quebrar	break	broke	broken
trazer	bring	brought	brought
anunciar	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
construir	build	built	built
queimar	burn	burned or burnt	burned or burnt
comprar	buy	bought	bought
pegar	catch	caught	caught
escolher	choose	chose	chosen
vir	come	came	come
custar	cost	cost	cost
cortar	cut	cut	cut
cavar	dig	dug	dug
fazer	do	did	done
desenhar	draw	drew	drawn
sonhar	dream	dreamed or dreamt	dreamed or dreamt
dirigir	drive	drove	driven
beber	drink	drank	drunk
comer	eat	ate	eaten
cair	fall	fell	fallen
sentir	feel	felt	felt
lutar	fight	fought	fought
encontrar	find	found	found
voar	fly	flew	flown
esquecer	forget	forgot	forgotten
perdoar	forgive	forgave	forgiven
congelar	freeze	froze	frozen
conseguir	get	got	got (sometimes gotten)
dar	give	gave	given
ir	go	went	gone
crescer	grow	grew	grown
pendurar	hang	hung	hung
ter	have	had	had
ouvir	hear	heard	heard
esconder	hide	hid	hidden
bater	hit	hit	hit
segurar	hold	held	held
machucar	hurt	hurt	hurt
guardar	keep	kept	kept
saber	know	knew	known
deitar	lay	laid	laid
liderar	lead	led	led
aprender	learn	learned or learnt	learned or learnt
deixar	leave	left	left
emprestar	lend	lent	lent
permitir	let	let	let
perder	lose	lost	lost
fazer	make	made	made
significar	mean	meant	meant
encontrar	meet	met	met
pagar	pay	paid	paid
colocar	put	put	put
ler	read	read	read
dirigir(motos)	ride	rode	ridden
tocar(campainha)	ring	rang	rung
subir, crescer	rise	rose	risen
correr	run	ran	run
dizer	say	said	said
ver	see	saw	seen
vender	sell	sold	sold
enviar	send	sent	sent
mostrar	show	showed	showed or shown
fechar	shut	shut	shut
cantar	sing	sang	sung
afundar	sink	sank	sunk
sentar	sit	sat	sat
dormir	sleep	slept	slept
falar	speak	spoke	spoken
gastar	spend	spent	spent
levantar	stand	stood	stood
feder	stink	stank	stunk
nadar	swim	swam	swum
pegar	take	took	taken
ensinar	teach	taught	taught
contar	tell	told	told
pensar	think	thought	thought
jogar(lançar)	throw	threw	thrown
entender	understand	understood	understood
vestir	wear	wore	worn
ganhar	win	won	won
escrever	write	wrote	written